journal
From the tanks to the source, we write down what we observe and what we verify.
journal
Our latest news, aquarium notes and sourcing stories.
Red patches, bleeding or a growing wound on a fish: is it an injury or a bacterial infection? Learn how ulcers are differentiated, the role of environmental and parasitic factors, and the limits of bacterial culture and antibiotics.
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What should you do if fish suddenly hang at the surface, flash or die after a water change? Work through aeration, chlorine and chloramine in the new water, temperature, pH and ammonia, and learn the difference between free chlorine and total chlorine.
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What should you do if a fish's eye bulges, turns cloudy or bleeds? Learn to tell popeye from corneal cloudiness and cataracts, and work through one eye versus both, injury, water quality and infection to decide what to check and when to see a vet.
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Could white, wart-like growths on a fish's fins or skin be lymphocystis disease? Learn about viral nodules, which fish aren't affected, how they differ from white spot, and the principles of diagnosis and day-to-day care.
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Long-term wasting, ulcers or a deformed spine in aquarium fish can be linked to mycobacterial infection. Learn the diagnostic limits of what hobbyists call fish TB, how to manage the tank, and how to protect yourself when you touch the water or clean equipment.
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Keeping altum angelfish starts with the fish's source, the space available and a stable system. Swimming space suited to a tall-bodied fish, water quality you can track and a feeding plan that makes sure every fish gets to eat all shape long-term care. This article brings together keeping experience from books and aquarium health management resources to help you build a daily routine you can keep up.
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Breeding altum angelfish means observing pairing, spawning, fertilization, hatching and rearing as separate stages. Laying eggs is only one step; broodstock health, interaction, equipment and the later food supply all affect how things are managed. Set up daily care and record-keeping before you start, so you can tell at which stage a problem occurs.
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Between hatching and actively feeding, altum angelfish fry still go through changes in how they use their yolk, how active they are and how well they swim. Rearing starts with watching how this particular batch is developing and what the fry actually swallow, and only then planning food, meal frequency and cleaning. If some fish in the group keep missing out, or feeding more only leaves more uneaten food, it's time to go back and review how the batch is being managed.
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Aquatic turtle care can start with setting up a dry area, a shallow-water area and a deep-water area, followed by suitable temperatures, lighting and a diet whose total amount you can control. These three zones let a turtle rest out of the water, breathe easily and swim, and they form the basis of everyday care. Hatchlings and young turtles in particular need a stable, suitable temperature, so air conditioning switching on and off and nighttime changes should all be managed.
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Keeping goldfish well depends on suitable space, established filtration and a feeding amount you can control. Fancy goldfish such as ranchu, ryukin and lionheads differ in swimming ability and how quickly they get to food, so the tank, tankmates and food all need to be planned together. This guide focuses on healthy fancy goldfish kept indoors; more active single-tailed varieties such as wakin and shubunkin need considerably more space.
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Bettas can come to the surface to breathe air, but that doesn't remove their need for clean water, room to swim and a stable temperature. The goal of long-term care is to let them explore, forage and rest, not just survive. This guide focuses on the common domestic betta, Betta splendens; other wild betta species need their own species-specific research.
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Good guppy care comes down to stable water with a moderate mineral content, a staple food small enough for their little mouths, and enough space for the population once they start breeding. Looking easy to keep doesn't mean you can skip filtration or use pure water straight. This guide focuses on the common guppy, Poecilia reticulata, with feeding planned separately for adults and fry.
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"Pleco" is a catch-all name for many fish in the family Loricariidae, and their diets, adult sizes and native habitats vary widely. Treating them all as algae-eating cleaners makes it easy to overlook their nutrition and space needs. Confirm the scientific name or a reliable L-number match first, then plan food and setup. This guide uses the common bristlenose pleco, Ancistrus, as the example for parameters, and explains how food choices differ for species that lean toward animal-based diets.
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Corydoras rummaging along the bottom doesn't mean they can live on other fish's leftovers. They need suitable companions of their own species, a clean bottom and planned feedings of sinking food. "Corydoras" covers many different species, and their temperature and space needs differ, so note the correct common and scientific name when you buy them before settling on water temperature and tankmates.
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